What is the purpose of a Punnett square?

To predict the probability of offspring inheriting specific traits from their parents.

Explain the difference between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes.

Homozygous means having two identical alleles for a trait, while heterozygous means having two different alleles for a trait.

Possible genotypes of offspring.

I can use a Punnett square to predict the probability of traits in offspring.

1
Gregor Mendel studied heredity using pea plants and determined that traits are passed on through discrete units called genes.
2
The F1 generation is the first filial generation, and the F2 generation is the second filial generation; Mendel observed trait expression, or phenotypes, up to the F2 generation.
3
A Punnett square uses a grid to show all possible combinations of alleles from two parents; homozygous organisms have identical alleles, while heterozygous organisms have one of each allele.