In a narrative, what is the purpose of the 'orientation'?

To introduce the characters and setting of the story

Describe the 'problem' section of a narrative in your own words.

The problem is where something goes wrong for the main characters, creating conflict and excitement.

The solution resolves the problem presented in the narrative.

To organize the writing and make the story easier to follow

I can write a short narrative story with a clear beginning, middle, and end.

1
A narrative, or story, generally follows a structure that includes the orientation, the problem, and the solution.
2
The orientation introduces the characters and the setting, which is the where and when of the story.
3
The problem, or complication, is the most exciting part of the narrative, while the solution is where the writer solves the problem.